यद् — {yád} (nom. and acc. sg. n. and base in comp. of 3. {ya}), who, which, what, whichever, whatever, that &c. &c. (with correlatives {tad}, {tyad}, {etad}, {idam}, {adas}, {tad etad}, {etad tyad}, {idaṃ tad}, {tad idam}, {tādṛśa}, {īdṛśa}, {īdṛś}, {etāvad}, by which it is oftener followed than preceded##or the correl. is dropped, e.g. {yas tu nârabhate karma kṣipram bhavati nirdravyaḥ}, '{he} indeed who does not begin work soon becomes poor'##or the rel. is dropped, e.g. {andhakam bhartāraṃ na tyajet sā mahā-satī}, 'she who does not desert a blind husband is a very faithful wife' {yad} is often repeated to express 'whoever', 'whatever', 'whichever', e.g. {yo yaḥ}, 'whatever man'##{yā yā}, 'whatever woman##{yo yaj jayati tasya tat}, 'whatever he wins {in war} belongs to him' vii, 96##{yad yad vadati tad tad bhavati}, 'whatever he says is true', or the two relatives may be separated by {hi}, and are followed by the doubled or single correl. {tad} e.g. {upyate yad dhi yad bījam tat tad eva prarohati}, 'whatever seed is sown, that even comes forth' ix, 40##similar indefinite meanings are expressed by the relative joined with {tad} e.g. {yasmai tasmai}, 'to any one whatever', esp. in {yadvā tadvā}, 'anything whatever'##or by {yaḥ} with {kaśca}, {kaścana}, {kaścit}, or [in later language, not in Manu] {ko'pi} e.g. {yaḥ kaścit}, 'whosoever'##{yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi}, 'any friends whatsoever'##{yena kenâpy upâyena}, 'by any means whatsoever.' {yad} is joined with {tvad} to express generalization, e.g. {śūdrāṃs tvad yāṃs tvad}, 'either the Śūdras or anybody else'##or immediately followed by a pers. pron. on which it lays emphasis, e.g. {yo'ham}, 'I that very person who'##{yas tvaṃ kathaṃ vettha}, 'how do you know?'##it is also used in the sense of 'si quis', e.g. {striyaṃ spṛśed yaḥ}, 'should any one touch a woman.' {yad} is also used without the copula, e.g. {andho jaḍaḥ pīṭha sarpī saptatyā sthaviraśca yaḥ}, 'a blind man, an idiot, a cripple, and a man seventy years old' viii, 394##sometimes there is a change of construction in such cases, e.g. {ye ca mānuṣāḥ} for {mānuṣāṃś-ca} x, 86##the nom. sg. n. {yad} is then often used without regard to gender or number and may be translated by 'as regards', 'as for', e.g. {kṣatraṃ vā etad vanaspatīnāṃ yan nyag-rodhaḥ}, 'as for the Nyag-rodha, it is certainly the prince among trees'##or by 'that is to say', 'to wit', e.g. {tato devā etaṃ vajraṃ dadṛśur yad apaḥ}, 'the gods then saw this thunderbolt, to wit, the water' {yad} as an adv. conjunction generally = 'that', esp. after verbs of saying, thinking &c., often introducing an oratio directa with or without {iti}##{iti yad}, at the end of a sentence = 'thinking that', 'under the impression that', e.g. ii, 2/8. {yad} also = 'so that', 'in order that', 'wherefore', 'whence', 'as', 'in as much as', 'since', 'because' [the correlative being {tad}, 'therefore'], 'when', 'if' &c. &c##{ádha yád}, 'even if', 'although' {yad api} id. {yad u} - {evam}, 'as - so'##{yad uta}, 'that'##'that is to say', 'scilicet'##{yat kila}, 'that'##{yac ca}, 'if', 'that is to say'##{yac ca-yac ca}, 'both - and'##'that' [accord. to 3-3, 148 after expressions of 'impossibility', 'disbelief', 'hope', 'disregard', 'reproach' and, wonder']##{yad vā}, 'or else', 'whether'##[{yad vā}, 'or else', is very often in commentators]##'however'##{yad vā} - {yadi vā}, 'if-or it'##{yad bhūyasā}, 'for the most part'##{yat satyam}, 'certainly', 'indeed', 'of course'##{yan nu}, with 1st pers., 'what if I', 'let me )##m. = {puruṣa}
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